Coulomb explosion of nitrogen and oxygen molecules through non-Coulombic states

We have systematically studied Coulomb explosion of nitrogen and oxygen molecules in intense 8 and 24 fs laser pulses. In the experiment, we explicitly separated all explosion pathways through coincident measurements. The high resolution kinetic energy releases (KERs) and the exotic angular distributions of atomic ions provide direct evidence that Coulomb explosion occurs through non-Coulombic states. In the theory, we calculated dissociation potential energy curves (PECs) of nitrogen and oxygen molecules and their multicharged molecular ions using multiconfiguration second-order perturbation theory. The results indicate that Coulomb potentials are close to the accurate PECs of multicharged molecular ions only when the internuclear distance is larger than 3 ?. In comparison with the experimental observations and the theoretical calculations, we determined the internuclear distance when Coulombic explosion occurs. It is near the equilibrium distance of the neutral molecules in the case of 8 fs laser pulses and expands gradually with the increase of the charge state of the molecular ions in the case of 24 fs laser pulses.     

New Insights into Keggin‐Type 12‐Tungstophosphoric Acid from 31P MAS NMR Analysis of Absorbed Trimethylphosphine Oxide and DFT Calculations

The acid and transport properties of the anhydrous Keggin‐type 12‐tungstophosphoric acid (H₃PW₁₂O₄₀; HPW) have been studied by solid‐state ³¹P magic‐angle spinning NMR of absorbed trimethylphosphine oxide (TMPO) in conjunction with DFT calculations. Accordingly, ³¹P NMR resonances arising from various protonated complexes, such as TMPOH⁺ and (TMPO)₂H⁺ adducts, could be unambiguously identified. It was found that thermal pretreatment of the sample at elevated temperatures (≥423 K) is a prerequisite for ensuring complete penetration of the TMPO guest probe molecule into HPW particles. Transport of the TMPO absorbate into the matrix of the HPW adsorbent was found to invoke a desorption/absorption process associated with the (TMPO)₂H⁺ adducts. Consequently, three types of protonic acid sites with distinct superacid strengths, which correspond to ³¹P chemical shifts of 92.1, 89.4, and 87.7 ppm, were observed for HPW samples loaded with less than three molecules of TMPO per Keggin unit. Together with detailed DFT calculations, these results support the scenario that the TMPOH⁺ complexes are associated with protons located at three different terminal oxygen (O_d) sites of the PW₁₂O₄₀³⁻ polyanions. Upon increasing the TMPO loading to >3.0 molecules per Keggin unit, abrupt decreases in acid strength and the corresponding structural variations were attributed to the change in secondary structure of the pseudoliquid phase of HPW in the presence of excessive guest absorbate.     

Microbial transformation of deoxyandrographolide by Alternaria alternata AS 3.4578

Biotransformation of deoxyandrographolide (1) by Alternaria alternata AS 3.4578 gave five derivatives identified by spectral methods including 2D NMR as the known dehydroandrographolide (2) and 9beta-hydroxy-dehydroandrographolide (3) and the new compounds 9beta-hydroxy-deoxyandrographolide (4), 3alpha,17,19-trihydroxy-8,13-ent-labdadien-15,16-olide (5) and 3-oxo-9beta-hydroxy-deoxyandrographolide (6).     

Identification of Interaction Pressure Between Structure and Explosive with Inverse Approach

An inverse approach for the identification of the time-dependent localized interaction pressure between a structure and an explosive has been proposed and developed. In this approach, surface measurements of structural response (displacement and velocity) are integrated with numerical simulations to identify the spatial and time-dependent interaction pressure (i.e. the normal traction) on a structure surface. For verification and validation purposes, numerical simulations are used to (a) generate the time-dependent displacement and velocity fields on the free surface of the specimen at specified time intervals, (b) form a blast wave and compute the resulting interaction traction field between the structure and blast wave on the interaction interface for comparison to inverse predictions. In particular, validation of the proposed approach was performed using numerical simulation results for an underwater explosion, with excellent agreement between the identified interaction traction and the simulation generated interaction traction up to and including the maximum traction condition. To demonstrate the potential of the method, the proposed inverse procedure was employed to estimate the interaction traction field on a thin aluminum specimen subjected to transient pressure loading through detonation of explosive buried in sand.     

基于柔顺性与热变形双目标的多孔材料与结构几何多尺度优化设计

论文采用拓扑优化技术针对由具有均一微结构的多孔陶瓷材料构成的结构,从结构和材料两个方面进行优化设计,在轻量化的同时使得结构具有较高的刚度和特定区域较小的热变形.以机械载荷下的结构柔顺性和热载荷下结构特定区域的热变形为目标,以宏观密度和微观密度为两类独立的设计变量,对两个目标进行归一化处理,建立多目标优化模型.采用体积守...     

基于混合网格Navier-Stokes方程的并行隐式计算方法研究

针对结构网格很难处理复杂外形和非结构网格无法计算具有边界层的粘性流动的缺点,发展了基于混合网格格点的隐式算法,成功地解决了在工程应用中难于处理的复杂外形粘性流场计算和效率问题。同时针对大规模的工程问题,发展了基于MPI通信技术的染色分层通讯并行计算方法。其中空间离散采用基于Roe格式发展的三阶迎风HLLEW(Harten-Lax-Van Leer-Einfeldt-Wada)或AUSM格式,湍流模型采用k??两方程湍流模型,时间推进考虑到LU-SGS并行等效较困难则采用基于DP-LUR(Data-Parallel Lower-Upper Relaxation)格式的隐式算法,计算CFL数可取到105量级,从2个到128个CPU的并行加速效率都保持在90%以上,大大提高了计算效率。算例对标模M6机翼模型流场进行计算,验证了方法的可靠性;然后对标模DLR-F6翼身组合体进行混合网格粘性与无粘计算结果进行比较,进一步验证混合网格方法;最后计算了DLR-WBNP外挂发动机翼身组合体模型,准确模拟了外挂和超临界机翼的相互干扰流动问题,采用4 CPU 16 CORE到24 CPU 96 CORE,2000步计算时间都不超...     

Growth estimates for modified Green potentials in the upper-half space

In this paper, we construct a modified Green potential in the upper-half space of the n-dimensional Euclidean space. Meanwhile, the behavior at infinity of it is also given.     

Numerical Method for Homoclinic and Heteroclinic Orbits of Neuron Models

A twisted heteroclinic cycle was proved to exist more than twenty- five years ago for the reaction-diffusion FitzHugh-Nagumo equations in their traveling wave moving frame. The result implies the existence of infinitely many traveling front waves and infinitely many traveling back waves for the system. However efforts to numerically render the twisted cycle were not fruit- ful for the main reason that such orbits are structurally unstable. Presented here is a bisectional search method for the primary types of traveling wave solu- tions for the type of bistable reaction-diffusion systems the FitzHugh-Nagumo equations represent. The algorithm converges at a geometric rate and the wave speed can be approximated to significant precision in principle. The method is then applied for a recently obtained axon model with the conclusion that twisted heteroclinic cycle maybe more of a theoretical artifact.     

柔性障碍物对甲烷空气爆炸波激励作用的实验研究

为研究柔性障碍物对甲烷空气爆炸波的激励效应,采用双向拉伸聚丙烯（biaxially oriented polypropylene, BOPP）薄膜作为柔性障碍物将管道内甲烷空气预混气体与空气隔开,对比障碍物前后火焰、激波变化,分析膜状柔性障碍物激励效应的机理。实验结果表明:这种具有一定承压能力的柔性障碍物对甲烷爆炸波产生的激励效应不可忽视,在膜片破裂前产生多次激波反射过程,可诱导湍流火焰形成,促使膜前爆炸压力提高,膜片破裂后,火焰在伴流作用下传播速度突增,并加速逐渐逼近前驱冲击波,致使膜后爆炸压力大幅提高;激励效应可使膜片前后最大爆炸压力相差5倍,火焰速度相差7倍;另外在膜片位置2.5 m后增设一道膜片,可增强这种激励效应,而增加膜片的实质是使激波火焰相互作用的次数增加。